Luxor is located in upper Egypt 675 km south of Cairo on the right bank of the Nile river.

Luxor includes the village of Karnak (Karnak Temple) to the northeast and the ancient monuments and the burial ground, Valley of The Kings, on the other side of the Nile and, of course, the Luxor Temple.

The Karnak Temple is located on the east side of the Nile, just north of the Temple of Luxor. The temple of Karnak was known as Ipet-isut (most select of places) by the ancient Egyptians. It is a city of temples built over 2,000 years and dedicated to the Theben triad of Amun, Mut and Khonsu.

Massive Column - Karnak Temple Ancient Egypt Temples Karnak

This derelict place is still capable of overshadowing many of the wonders of the modern world, and in its day must have been inspiring.

For the largely uneducated ancient Egyptian population this could only have been the place of the gods. It is the mother of all religious buildings, the largest ever made, and a place of pilgrimage for nearly 4,000 years. Although, today's pilgrims are mainly tourists.

It covers about 200 acres - 1.5km by 0.8km. The area of the sacred enclosure of Amun has a dimension of 61 acres and would hold ten average-sized European cathedrals. The Hypostyle hall has 54,000 square feet, and with its 134 columns (the tallest of the 134 columns reaches a height of 23 meters) is still the largest room of any religious building in the world. In this enormous forest of columns you get a genuine feeling of the wealth of the New Kingdom and of the importance of Amun as the State-God.

Hypostyle Hall Ancient Egypt Temples Karnak

Karnak is the home of the god Amun who was an insignificant local god until the 12th dynasty when Thebes became the capital of Egypt. He was represented in his original state as a goose and later as a ram. At the height of his power he was shown as a human with a head dress of feathers - all what remained of the goose.

In ancient times wars were not fought between countries but were considered as contests between gods. One deity subduing and replacing another, the victorious god and its people growing in strength. This is how Amun rose with the help of Thutmose III and various other New Kingdom kings to become the first supreme god of the known world and was hailed as God of gods.

Little is known about him. Unlike most other gods he had no legends or miracles to impress his worshippers and it seems that he was more of an abstract idea of a godhead. His followers came from all the strata of society and he was known to some as 'Vizier of the poor.'

All ancient Egyptian temples had a sacred lake whereas Karnak's is the largest. It was used during festivals when images of the gods would sail across the lake on golden barges.

Sacred Lake, Karnak Ancient Egypt Temples Karnak

The water supply to the lake, which symbolized the primeval ocean Nun, comes directly from the Nile.